Desmond Morris - The Naked Ape - 1969, Ksiazki,Ksiegi,Ksiazeczki
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//-->THE NAKED APEbyDesmond MorrisA Bantam Book / published by arrangement withJonathan Cape Ltd.PRINTING HISTORYJonathan Cape edition published October 1967Serialized in THE SUNDAY MIRROR October 1967Literary Guild edition published April 1969Transrvorld Publishers edition published May 1969Bantam edition published January 19692nd printing ...... January 19693rd printing ...... January 19694th printing ...... February 19695th printing ...... June19696th printing ...... August 19697th printing ...... October 19698th printing ...... October 1970All rights reserved.Copyright (C 1967 by Desmond Morris.This book may not be reproduced in whole or in part, bymitneograph or any other means, without permission.For information address: Jonathan Cape Ltd.,30 Bedford Square, London Idi.C.1, England.Bantam Books are published in Canada by Bantam Booksof Canada Ltd., registered user of the trademarks consilting of the word Bantam and the portrayal of a bantam.PRINTED IN CANADABantam Books of Canada Ltd.888 DuPont Street, Toronto .9, OntarioCONTENTSINTRODUCTION, 9ORIGINS, 13SEX, 45REARING, 91EXPLORATION, 113FIGHTING, 128FEEDING, 164COMFORT, 174ANIMALS, 189APPENDIX: LITERATURE, 212BIBLIOGRAPHY, 215ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis book is intended for a general audience and authorities have thereforenot been quoted in the text. To do so would have broken the flow of words andis a practice suitable only for a more technical work. But many brilliantlyoriginal papers and books have been referred to during the assembly of thisvolume and it would be wrong to present it without acknowledging theirvaluable assistance. At the end of the book I have included achapter-by-chapter appendix relating the topics discussed to the majorauthorities concerned. This appendix is then followed by a selectedbibliography giving the detailed references.I would also like to express my debt and my gratitude to the many colleaguesand friends who have helped me, directly and indirectly, in discussions, cor-respondence and many other ways. They include, in particular, the following:Dr Anthony Ambrose, Mr David Attenborough, Dr David Blest, Dr N. G. Blur-ton-Jones, Dr John Bowlby, Dr Hilda Bruce, Dr Richard Coss, Dr RichardDavenport, Dr Alisdair Fraser, Professor J. H. Fremlin, Professor Robin Fox,Baroness Jane van Lawick-Goodall, Dr Fae Hall, Professor Sir Alister Hardy,Professor Harry Harlow, Mrs Mary Haynes, Dr Jan van Hooff, Sir Julian Huxley,Miss Devra Kleiman, Dr Paul Leyhausen, Dr Lewis Lipsitt, Mrs Caroline Loizos,Professor Konrad Lorenz, Dr Malcolm Lyall-Watson, Dr Gilbert Manley, Dr IsaacMarks, Mr Tom Maschler, Dr L. Harrison Matthews, Mrs Ramona Morris, Dr JohnNapier, Mrs Caroline Nicolson, Dr Kenneth Oakley, Dr Frances Reynolds, DrVernon Reynolds, The Hon. Miriam Rothschild, Mrs Claire Russell, Dr W. M. S.Russell, Dr George Schaller, Dr John Sparks, Dr Lionel Tiger, Professor NikoTinbergen, Mr Ronald7Webster, Dr Wolfgang Wickler, and Professor John i'udkin.I hasten to add that the inclusion of a name in this list does not implythat the person concerned necessarily agrees with my views as expressed herein this book.8INTRODUCTIONTHERE are one hundred and ninety-three living species of monkeys and apes.One hundred and ninety-two of them are covered with hair. The exception is anaked ape self-named Homo sapiens. This unusual and highly successful speciesspends a great deal of time examining his higher motives and an equal amountof time studiously ignoring his fundamental ones. He is proud that he has thebiggest brain of all the primates, but attempts to conceal the fact that healso has the biggest penis, preferring to accord this honour falsely to themighty gorilla. He is an intensely vocal, acutely exploratory, over-crowdedape, and it is high time we examined his basic behaviour.I am a zoologist and the naked ape is an animal. He is therefore fair gamefor my pen and I refuse to avoid him any longer simply because some of hisbehaviour patterns are rather complex and impressive. My excuse is that, inbecoming so erudite, Homo sapiens has remained a naked ape nevertheless; inac q uiring lofty new motives, he has lost none of the early old ones. Thisis frequently a cause of some embarrassment to him, but his old impulses havebeen with him for millions of years, his new ones only a few thousand at themost-and there is no hope of quickly shrugging off the accumulated geneticlegacy of his whole evolutionary past. He would be a far less worried andmore fulfilled animal if only he would face up to this fact. Perhaps this iswhere the zoologist can help.One of the strangest features of previous studies of naked-ape behaviour isthat they have nearly always avoided the obvious. The earlier anthropologistsrushed off to all kinds of unlikely corners of the world in order to unravelthe basic truth about our nature scattering to remote cultural backwaters soatypical and unsuccessful that they are nearly extinct. Thev9 [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ] |